Shallow Angles (25–35°) minimize shear forces on the oolemma and reduce the risk of scraping against the dish.
Steeper Angles (>45°) can cause the pipette tip to “dig in,” increasing membrane tears and cytoplasmic leakage.
Optimal: Aim for ~30° so the pipette penetrates the zona and oolemma smoothly, preserving spindle integrity.
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