What criteria determine sperm selection for injection ?

• Motility: Choose progressively motile sperm with smooth, linear movement.

• Morphology: Select sperm with an oval head, intact acrosomal cap, and straight midpiece.

• Viability: Avoid necrotic or dyssynchronous sperm (e.g., use hypo-osmotic swelling test when in doubt).

• Absence of Vacuoles: Steer clear of head vacuolization, which correlates with DNA fragmentation.